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Objective To understand the correlation between atmospheric particulate matter and confirmed cases of influenza in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to provide a basis for formulating relevant control measures. Methods The meteorological factors (average temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure), atmospheric pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) and confirmed cases of influenza of different ages and genders from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were collected. Data was fitted to a generalized additive model of Poisson distribution to assess the correlation between atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and the number of confirmed cases of influenza. Results There was a correlation between atmospheric particulate matter and the number of confirmed cases of influenza in Pudong New Area. For each increase of 10 μg/m3 in the concentration of the two types of particulate matter, the confirmed cases increased by 0.638% (95%CI: 0.413%~0.864%), and 0.520% (95%CI: 0.324%~0.715%), respectively, when the lag was 0-7d (lag07). People of different ages and genders were affected by atmospheric particulate matter differently. After incorporating the effects of SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in the multi-pollutant model, the effect of atmospheric particulate matter on the number of influenza cases had changed. Conclusion The increase of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) concentration increased the number of confirmed cases of influenza in Pudong New Area.
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Objective@#To determine the level of Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) in patients with heart failure(HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), and to explore its diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with HF and AF.@*Methods@#A prospective cohort study was carried out to investigate the data of 185 HF patients who were hospitalized between January 2018 and June 2018 in department of cardiology or department of cardiac care unit in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital. And according to whether they had atrial fibrillation before admission, we categorized patients into: HF with sinus rhythm (HF-SR, n=90) and HF with AF(HF-AF, n=95). Meanwhile, 40 healthy controls were collected. Baseline data of HF-SR and HF-AF groups and plasma sST2 levels in different ejection fraction groups were compared. Plasma sST2 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Statistical methods such as nonparametric test and Spearman correlation analysis were used. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of sST2 in HF-SR and HF-AF groups. And by using the COX risk model, Multi-factor COX analysis was used to analyze the prognosis of patients.@*Results@#Compared with healthy controls, the median (P25, P75) of Plasma sST2 levels in HF patients increased remarkably [32.93 (20.31-51.39) ng/mL vs 15.99(7.97-22.69) ng/mL, Z=-4.373, P<0.001]. Patients with HF-AF group had significantly higher test results [39.86 (27.20-59.21)] ng/mL than HF-SR group [24.74 (14.83-44.11)] ng/mL, Z=-6.783, P<0.001].In the HFmrEF and HFpEF subgroups, the plasma sST2 level of patients in the HF-AF group was higher than that in the HF-SR group (Z=-2.381, P=0.017; Z=-3.701, P<0.001).Spearman correlation analysis showed that, in HF-AF patients, plasma sST2 level was positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure, Hypertension, New York Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification Ⅲ to Ⅳ, white blood count(WBC), and the level of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Υ-glutamine transaminase (Υ-GT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (r>0, P<0.05).Also, there is a negative correlation between sST2, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (r<0, P<0.05). At ROC analysis, sST2 showed predictive value in both HF-AF and HF-SR group, with an optimal cut-off value of 25.33 ng/mL(AUC 0.872, 95%CI: 0.805-0.935, P<0.001, sensitivity 81.1%, specificity 87.5%) and 23.34 ng/mL(AUC 0.665, 95%CI: 0.570-0.761, P<0.001, sensitivity 55.6%, specificity 77.5%).The AUC of BNP and sST2 in differential diagnosis of HF-SR and HF-AF was 0.604 and 0.699, respectively, and the AUC of sST2 was higher than that of BNP. Multi-factor COX analysis indicated that plasma sST2 level, BNP, NYHA cardiac function grading could be risk factors for cardiac events in HF patients. Plasma sST2, left atrial diameter (LA-D), and associated cardiomyopathy are risk factors for cardiac events in patients with HF-AF. The incidence of cardiac events in HF patients with sST2≥20.31 ng/mL was significantly higher than that of patients with sST2<20.31 ng/mL (χ2=7.625, P=0.006). The incidence of cardiac events in HF-AF patients with plasma sST2≥39.86 ng/mL was significantly higher than that in patients with sST2<39.86 ng/mL (χ2=4.287, P=0.038).@*Conclusions@#The plasma sST2 level in patients with HF-AF is significantly higher than that both in HF-SR and healthy controls. The diagnostic value of plasma sST2 in patients with HF-AF is higher than that in patients with HF-SR. It is suggested that sST2 are more valuable for the differential diagnosis of HF-SR, HF-AF than BNP. HF-AF Patients with plasma sST2 ≥ 39.86 ng/mL are prone to cardiovascular events.
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Objective To explore the effect of continuous nursing based on WeChat public platform on the patients with high risk of pressure ulcers. Methods Selecting 165 pairs of high-risk patients and their caregivers from the emergency department of pressure ulcers in the General Hospital of Chinese People′s Armed Police Forces, and they were divided into control group and experimental group by paired random method. There were 83 pairs in control group, and 82 pairs in experimental group. The control group gave oral education according to the traditional model, and adopted the way of telephone follow-up for continuous nursing. While the experimental group let patients and their family members follow the Wechat public account that specially developed on Wechat platform and get continuous nursing in new models to come true networking health education and communicate with patients and their family members by multi-dimensional nurse. After 3 months intervening, compared patients′quality of life, the care behavior of caregivers and acquisition of knowledge of pressure scores, the incidence of pressure ulcers, degree of satisfaction of high-risk patients and caregivers between the two groups. Results The psychological function score, social function score and quality of life score was respectively ( 67.61 ± 1.67), (58.60 ± 1.52), (50.41 ± 2.70) points in experimental group, and (63.21 ± 1.30), (53.23 ± 1.92), (45.83 ± 2.59) points in control group, the comparative difference of the two groups was statistically significant( t=-4.638,-4.930,-2.749, P0.05). The care behavior of caregivers score and pressure sores knowledge score was respectively (50.84 ± 1.92), (27.83 ± 1.48) points in experimental group, and (46.43 ± 2.40), (19.28 ± 1.31) points in control group, the comparative difference of the two groups was statistically significant (t=-3.192,-9.738, P<0.05 or 0.01). The incidence of pressure ulcers was 15.9%(13/82) in experimental group, significantly lower than that in control group (50.6%, 42/83), two groups was statistically significant (χ2=22.413, P<0.01). The satisfying degree and scores of patients or caregivers for follow-up form, nursing service attitude, follow-up content and the total score was respectively (24.83 ± 3.11), (24.10 ± 2.55), (25.03 ± 2.12), (76.23 ± 2.17) points in experimental group, and (18.34 ± 1.41), (17.41 ± 1.34), (19.85 ± 1.92), (63.25 ± 3.03) points in control group, the comparative difference between two groups had statistical significance (t=-7.797--4.061, all P<0.01). Conclusions Utilizing Wechat public platform continuity of care for patients at high risk of pressure ulcers can improve the patients quality of life, reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers, improve the efficient communication of nurses and patients, and enhance the degree of satisfaction of the patients. This method is convenient, shortcut, economic, practical and worthy for clinical use and promotion .
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Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the development of China’s official de-velopment assistance for health has been going through three phases. To date, it has developed in many forms, inclu-ding the dispatch of medical team and the construction of health facilities. Since the market reforms, the global con-text together with the domestic socioeconomic foundations have changed; the impact of China’s relatively simple and segmented development assistance for health on the development of health systems in developing countries is limited;the effectiveness of assistance has been watered-down due to segmentation and vague management and accountability systems, as well as the lack of an overarching strategy;China’s health institutions, techniques and products suffer va-rious obstacles in their transfer to other countries where rules are dominated by western countries;compared with the increasing and multiple demands of development assistance for health from developing countries, the capacities of co-operation need to be further developed. As the paper suggests, use the “new major-country” and “new morality-in-terest” and“human oriented” concepts, as well as the ideology of“aid in order to develop, develop in order to coop-erate, so as to develop hand-in-hand” to guide China’s development assistance for health;innovate stereo-aid models to adapt to the changed foreign and domestic socioeconomic context; reform the development assistance for health management system and define rights and obligations appropriately;strengthen coordination and information sharing;link development assistance for health with global health governance to promote a maximized spillover effect;mobilize the civil society with strengthened guidance and supervision.
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With the rapid economic growth and social development in the BRICS countries, the role of devel-opment assistance for health is becoming more and more significant. This paper describes the scales, recipient coun-tries, mechanisms and characteristics and management systems of development assistance for health in BRICS coun-tries. The paper suggests that a) it is necessary to set up a centralized international aid management agency;b) the mode of development assistance for health must be optimized;c) the scale of development assistance for health shall be increased ( over time);d) each BRIC country should use its own comparative advantages and development experi-ence to carry out development assistance for health while strengthening the cooperative power among the BRICS coun-tries;e) development assistance for health data should be more transparent and open;f) the evaluation of develop-ment assistance for health must be established and perfected.
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This paper mainly introduces the material composition and structure of two kinds of compound tabletop which currently used in large medical imaging equipment, also introduces the proper material choosing and production processing, together with the advantage and shortage of this two kinds of tabletop and different application occasion.
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Construction Materials , Diagnostic Imaging , Durable Medical EquipmentABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mechanisms and effects of adoptive immunotherapy with ovarian cancer vaccine modified by GM-CSF gene which was used after immunologic reconstitution during lymphopenia induced by chemotherapy.Methods Lymphopenia was induced by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide.The immune reconstituted model was built in rats.The tumor vaccine draining lymph nodes were harvested after the ovarian cancer cells NUTU-19 modified by GM-CSF gene were injected.The effector T cells (T_E) were got after being stimulated and amplified.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 secreted by T_E.Intracellular cytokine staining was used to determine frequency of tumor-specific T_E.Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to detect the special cytotoxicity ofT_E killing target cells.The survival period of rats bearing pre-established abdominal ovariam carcinoma after being adoptively transferred byT_E.was observed.Results Compared with those in control group,the significant higher levels IL-2[(65.7±4.0) pg/ml]and lower levels IL-4 [(277±49) pg/ml]were observed in chemotherapy-immune recunstitution-vaccine immunization group.The amount of CD_4~+ T cells secreting interferon-γ (13.0±2.1)% were also significantly increased.The rate of the special cytotoxicity of killing T cells (86.5±1.1) % was markedly improved.The survival period of rats (110±16) days was increased in chemotherapy-immune reconstitution-vaccine immunization group.Conclusions The combined immunotherapy of chemotherapy-immune reconstitution-tumor vaccine immunotherapy may increase the frequency and function of specific tumor T_E.The specific cytotoxicity is increased and the weak reaction of T_E to tumor is improved,which showed that this therapy can enhance immune reaction.
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@#Regarding the fact that there is a huge gap between higher education of assistive technology in China and the social need, the authors discussed about the necessity of developing China's higher education of assistive technology, by discussing about the fact that assistive technology becoming an independent subject, society's need for leaders and designers in the field of assistive technology, the need to develop assistive technology theories and knowledge, the important meaning of developing higher education of special education to support the independent living of persons with disability and opening potential market, the successful example of America's assistive technology and higher education of it being in the leading place.